59 terms · English & BM

AI words in plain language.

AI terms, framework terms and KPN work terms in plain words. Search, browse by letter, or test yourself with flashcards.

A5

AI (artificial intelligence)Bahasa Melayu: AI (kecerdasan buatan): Computer software that can do tasks that normally need human thinking, such as writing, summarising or answering questions.
AI agentBahasa Melayu: Ejen AI: An AI that does a multi-step job for you (planning, opening files, using tools and checking its work) instead of only replying once.Used in The AIM method
AIM (Actor, Input, Mission)Bahasa Melayu: AIM (Aktor, Input, Misi): Three parts of a good brief: who the AI should act as, what material it has, and what it must deliver.
API: A way for software to talk to an AI directly, without the chat app. Developers use it to build AI into their own systems.Used in The AIM method
Approved AI toolBahasa Melayu: Alat AI yang diluluskan: The AI tool your department has approved for official work. Use it, and follow its rules, instead of a personal account.

B3

BenchmarkBahasa Melayu: Penanda aras: An accepted standard or a good existing example you measure your own work against, instead of starting from a blank page.
Bloom's taxonomyBahasa Melayu: Taksonomi Bloom: A ladder of thinking skills, from remembering to creating, as revised by Anderson and Krathwohl in 2001.Used in Bloom and Simpson
BriefBahasa Melayu: Taklimat: The full instructions for one job, like the minute you write when handing a task to a new officer.

C9

Calibrated questionBahasa Melayu: Soalan terkalibrasi: An open "what" or "how" question that invites help solving the problem.
Chatbot: An AI you talk to in a chat window. You ask, it answers, and you decide what to do next.Used in The AIM method
CheckpointBahasa Melayu: Titik semakan: A planned pause where the AI shows its work and waits for your OK.Used in The AIM method
ClassifierBahasa Melayu: Pengelas: The word or phrase that says which kind, group or condition something belongs to, such as "by district" or "rated urgent".
CodebookBahasa Melayu: Buku kod: Your list of labels and meanings for tagging interview notes or survey comments.
Community mediationBahasa Melayu: Mediasi komuniti: A trained, neutral mediator helps two sides of a local dispute talk and agree on a way forward. The mediator does not decide who is right.
Confidence levelBahasa Melayu: Tahap keyakinan: Saying how sure you are (low, moderate, high).
Context windowBahasa Melayu: Tetingkap konteks: How much text an AI can keep in mind at once: your instructions, the files you share and the conversation so far.
CSV fileBahasa Melayu: Fail CSV: A simple spreadsheet file Excel or Google Sheets can open.Used in The AIM method

D3

Data cleaningBahasa Melayu: Pembersihan data: Fixing a dataset before you use it: removing duplicates, correcting typos and making names and dates consistent.
Domain researchBahasa Melayu: Kajian domain: Finding out how a field of work really runs before you change it: the Act or mandate behind it, the sources, and what the research must deliver.
DRAG: Drafting, Research, Analysis and Grunt work: the four kinds of work you can hand to AI, while you keep the judgement and the decision.

E2

Effort / reasoning effortBahasa Melayu: Effort (tahap usaha): A setting that tells the AI how hard to think before answering. Higher effort is slower and costs more, but helps with difficult work.
Examples (few-shot)Bahasa Melayu: Contoh (few-shot): Showing the AI one to five samples of the result you want, so it can copy the style and format.

F1

FrameworkBahasa Melayu: Kerangka: A fixed set of steps you follow in order, so the work is done the same careful way each time.

G1

Grunt workBahasa Melayu: Kerja rutin (grunt work): Repetitive, low-judgement tasks such as reformatting tables, retyping lists or renaming files.

H2

HallucinationBahasa Melayu: Halusinasi: When an AI states something false with confidence, for example inventing a figure, a circular or a study that does not exist.Used in Domain research DRAG
HypothesisBahasa Melayu: Hipotesis: A best guess you can test, such as "attendance fell because the programme moved to a weekday".

J2

JPNIN: Jabatan Perpaduan Negara dan Integrasi Nasional, the department under KPN that works with communities, KRT and Tabika Perpaduan.
JSON: A tidy machine-readable text format apps can load.

K4

Knowledge cutoffBahasa Melayu: Tarikh had pengetahuan: The date after which the AI learned nothing new.
KPI (key performance indicator)Bahasa Melayu: KPI (petunjuk prestasi utama): A number agreed in advance that shows whether a piece of work is on target, such as the share of reports sent on time.
KPN: Kementerian Perpaduan Negara, the Ministry of National Unity, and the readers this edition is written for.
KRT (Kawasan Rukun Tetangga): A neighbourhood area with a volunteer committee that runs community activities, governed by the Rukun Tetangga Act 2012 (Act 751).

L2

Large language model (LLM)Bahasa Melayu: Model bahasa besar (LLM): The engine behind tools like ChatGPT and Claude. It has read a huge amount of text and predicts useful words in reply to yours.
LatencyBahasa Melayu: Kependaman: How long you wait for the AI to start or finish answering.

M3

MandateBahasa Melayu: Mandat: The law, policy or instruction that gives an office the duty to do a piece of work.
Markdown: Simple symbols (#, *, -) the AI uses for headings and bullets.
Model: A specific version of an AI. Different models trade speed, cost and ability; use the one in the AI tool your department has approved.

N2

Named methodBahasa Melayu: Kaedah bernama: A well-known way of working called up by name, such as "the five whys".
Null hypothesisBahasa Melayu: Hipotesis nol: The possibility that nothing unusual happened: the boring explanation you must rule out first.

O2

OODA loopBahasa Melayu: Gelung OODA: Observe, Orient, Decide, Act: a loop for acting well as a situation changes, from the US Air Force colonel and strategist John Boyd.
OSEMN: Obtain, Scrub, Explore, Model, iNterpret: five steps for turning raw data into a finding, described by Hilary Mason and Chris Wiggins in 2010.

P5

PDPA 2010: Malaysia's Personal Data Protection Act 2010 covers personal data in commercial transactions. It does not cover the federal and state governments, so officers follow their department's own data and security rules.
Personal dataBahasa Melayu: Data peribadi: Anything that identifies a person, such as a name, MyKad number, address or phone number. Remove it before you paste text into an AI tool.
Prompt: The message or instructions you type to an AI. A better prompt usually means a better answer.Used in The AIM method
Prompt injectionBahasa Melayu: Suntikan prompt: Hidden instructions inside a document or web page that try to trick an AI into doing something you did not ask for.
Psychomotor (domain)Bahasa Melayu: Psikomotor (domain): Skills about doing things with hands or body, such as setting up a venue or operating equipment.Used in Bloom and Simpson

R1

RubricBahasa Melayu: Rubrik: A scoring guide that lists the criteria and describes what each level of quality looks like, for example for judging KRT activity reports.

S4

Simpson's psychomotor taxonomyBahasa Melayu: Taksonomi psikomotor Simpson: A ladder of hands-on skills, from noticing what to do to creating a new way of doing it. Published by Simpson in 1972.
SOP (standard operating procedure)Bahasa Melayu: SOP (prosedur operasi standard): A step-by-step instruction sheet for a routine job.
Sub-agentBahasa Melayu: Sub-ejen: A helper agent that a main agent sends off to do one part of a bigger job, like a team member given one task.
System promptBahasa Melayu: Prompt sistem: Standing instructions set up before the conversation starts, such as "always answer in Bahasa Melayu". They apply to every reply.Used in The AIM method

T5

Tabika Perpaduan: A unity preschool run by JPNIN for children from different communities.
Thinking (reasoning)Bahasa Melayu: Berfikir (penaakulan): Private working-out the AI does before it replies, a bit like rough notes before a final answer.
Token: The small chunks of text an AI reads and writes: roughly half to three-quarters of an English word, depending on the model. Pricing and limits are counted in tokens.
Tool (tool use)Bahasa Melayu: Alat (penggunaan alat): An extra ability an AI can switch on, such as searching the web, reading a file or running a calculation.
TriageBahasa Melayu: Saringan (triaj): Sorting incoming cases by urgency so the most serious are handled first.

V1

Verb, Object, ClassifierBahasa Melayu: Kata kerja, Objek, Pengelas: A way to write a finding or task so anyone can trace it: an action verb, the thing acted on, and the group or condition it belongs to.

W1

Work activityBahasa Melayu: Aktiviti kerja: One task written out in full: who does it, the verb, the object, the context, the tool, the input, the output, the decision and the KPI.

X1

XML tagsBahasa Melayu: Tag XML: Labels in angle brackets, like <notes> … </notes>, that wrap parts of your prompt so the AI can tell instructions from material.